Thank you for figuring out the linker option which caused the issue and for the suggestions.
I've opened https://pagure.io/SSSD/sssd/issue/3801 to track the issue and also created https://github.com/SSSD/sssd/pull/632.
Thanks. I commented in the PR. The test now passes on Ubuntu with -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions enabled. \o/